You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. 1997;195(Suppl 2):2935. 1 CCs (1 ml) 3% Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide. Add iodine and heat gently with constant mixing until iodine is dissolved. Interstitial pneumonitis after betadine aspiration. 2015;69(11):124756. Such an approach represents a low-cost, low-morbidity measure that may reduce the risks associated with aerosol-generating procedures performed commonly in otorhinolaryngology operating rooms. Google Scholar. Dilute to 100 ml with distilled water. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Topical: Apply topically directly to area(s) requiring antiseptic. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620500, Rescue pre-operative treatment with Lugol's solution in uncontrolled Graves' disease. Some products that may interact with this drug are: ACE inhibitors (such as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs such as losartan, valsartan), certain "water pills" (potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene), drospirenone, eplerenone, lithium, drugs that contain potassium (including supplements such as potassium chloride). Pickup & Same Day Delivery available on most store items. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22575. Virol J. | Author: Naturopath. This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department. Please for proper display of our website you should enable it or use another browser that supports it. 2002;204(Suppl 1):3741. To comment please, Comments on Medscape are moderated and should be professional in tone and on topic. Grnseth T, Ovchinnikov KV, Carlsen H, Benth J, Diep DB, von Unge M, Silvola JT. Privacy Do not share this medication with others. Yoshida K, Sakurai Y, Kawahara S, Takeda T, Ishikawa T, Murakami T, et al. Topical: Apply directly to area(s) requiring antiseptic. This high degree of safety allows frequent and broad use of antiseptics in periodontal treatment. www.superpharmacy.com.au Australias best online discount chemist References Most important symptoms and effects (acute and delayed) Iodine, Lugol's, 5% w/v LD50 oral rat 4400 mg/kg ATE US (oral) 4400 mg/kg body weight Iodine (7553 -56 -2) LD50 oral rat 14000 mg/kg 1989;2(1):1620. PubMed Central LOZ was responsible for proof reading and editing the manuscript, analysis and final approval of the version to be published. By using this website, you agree to our Moreover, because the contents of inflamed periodontal pockets are emptied into the oral cavity every 90 seconds, and relatively small amounts of antimicrobial agents are applied subgingivally, the risk for antiseptics entering the gingival tissue and causing systemic damage is virtually nonexistent. 2020;87:E667. Select a condition to view a list of medication options. Saturday 8.30 to 6pm. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00474-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00474-x. Dermatology. What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering LUGOL's to children or the elderly? J Clin Exp Dent. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Would you like email updates of new search results? These include rectifying iodine deficiencies,as a treatment for thyrotoxicosis, the detection of cancer cells, wound sterilization,as a germicide before medical proceedures,protecting the thyroid after a radation accidents as well as many science-based uses. 5 to 7 drops (0.25 to 0.35 mL) 3 times a day; if not euthyroid before surgery, consider concurrent beta-blockade (eg, propranolol) in the immediate preoperative period to reduce the risk of thyroid storm. Store in amber glass-stoppered bottle in the dark. Using breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells), Stoddard and colleagues demonstrated that Lugol's solution (5% iodine/10% iodide) affected 43 genes involved This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Acute hemolysis following iodine tincture ingestion. Lugol's Solution It is characterised by an abnormal increase in basal metabolic state with symptoms such as tachycardia, fatigue, nervousness, tremor and weight loss. [4] A study from Sweden[5] showed that patients who received a whole-mouth application of povidone-iodine at the time of initial therapy exhibited less periodontitis for up to 13 years after treatment. Am J Prev Med. Add iodine and heat gently with constant mixing until iodine is dissolved. WebAcute toxicity of Lugols solution is related to its iodine content, 1 although the high potassium concentration can cause extreme irritation of the mucosal membranes. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Seek medical Cases of anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis and edema after exposure have also been reported [28,29,30]. Risk Factor D (Consider therapy modification). Infect Dis Ther. Lugols can be used as a topical antiseptic with germicidal and fungicidal action. This drug passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. PubMed IODINE INTAKE PROTOCOLS Legal dosage: 150mcg per Currently, there are no recommendation for routine anti-viral prophylaxis using PVP-I, despite a strong record of extensive viricidal activity. Management: Discontinue antithyroid therapy 3-4 days prior to sodium iodide I-131 administration. Antithyroid Agents may increase the serum concentration of Cardiac Glycosides. Noninvasive Imaging Methods to Improve the Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma and Its Precursors: State of the Art and Proposal of a Three-Step Diagnostic Process. Sodium hypochlorite occurs naturally in human neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages[8];] therefore, it does not evoke allergic reactions; it is not a mutagen, carcinogen or teratogen; and it has a century-long safety record. WebBackground and objectives: In vivo stains are prompt resources, which have emerged, in the recent years, to aid as clinical diagnostic tools in detecting early premalignant and malignant lesions. Dawsey SM, Fleischer DE, Wang GQ, Zhou B, Kidwell JA, Lu N, Lewin KJ, Roth MJ, Tio TL, Taylor PR. skin and lymph node infection by Sporothrix schenckii fungus, protection of the thyroid gland from radiation. Aqueous (Lugol's iodine) and tincture (iodine in alcohol) solutions of iodine have been employed as dental antiseptics for more than 150 years, but the early iodine formulations caused surface staining and irritation of mucosa and skin. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In a study of PVP-I oral gargle for cancer-associated oral mucositis, no mucosal irritation was reported [30, 34]. Dosing is listed in terms of drops/dose; check instructions carefully before dispensing or administering. Lugol's Iodine Health Benefits - Earth Clinic Although it isgenerally not used for routine treatment of hyperthyroidism due to therisk of iodine over-load. National Library of Medicine Anti-Infective Agents in Periodontal Treatment-Medscape-Sep15,2011. [11] Low gingivitis scores were maintained around teeth receiving sodium hypochlorite rinse, whereas the gingivitis score increased by 50% in control teeth.[11]. 2008;4(1):38. SHSN was responsible for drafting the manuscript, acquisition and interpretation of data, analysis and final approval of the version to be published. Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still represents an important challenge for clinicians and patients. medical iodophobia, READ Eggers M. Infectious disease management and control with Povidone iodine. Regimens/protocols vary by radiopharmaceutical. Anti-Infective Agents in Periodontal Treatment - Medscape Treatment of hyperthyroidism in the immediate preoperative period in patients who are undergoing thyroidectomy. Autol - Calahorra Motorway (LR-282) Km 7,Calahorra (La Rioja) - info@torremaciel.com - +34 941163021 - +34 941163493. It is used in the management of thyroid storm and thyrotoxic crises. Potassium Salts may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics. Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape Consult. These hormones are absolutely necessary for the growing baby's brain in pregnancyand up to 3 years of life andessential for metabolic functioning of the body of all people. Sodium hypochlorite is available globally at exceptionally low cost as household bleach in concentrations of 5%-6%. Have exposed individual drink sips of water. It is important to take iodine in the correct dosage provided by your health care provider. It can lead to acne flare-ups or dermatitis. 2023 Lugols Solution Javascript is not enabled on your browser. 4.2. Sodium hypochlorite has been used as an antiseptic agent in dentistry for more than a century and remains a widely used root canal irrigant at concentrations ranging from 1.0%-5.25%. You will receive email when new content is published. Reply. BMC Health Serv Res. Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). Case Rep Endocrinol. Ron J. Karni. WebOral and Nasal Rinse When a person is infected with Covid-19, the virus lives in their mouth and nose and may gather strength for a couple of days before invading the body. volume49, Articlenumber:77 (2020) Romano A, Di Stasio D, Petruzzi M, Fiori F, Lajolo C, Santarelli A, Lucchese A, Serpico R, Contaldo M. Cancers (Basel). The American Dental Association Council on Dental Therapeutics has designated dilute sodium hypochlorite a "mild antiseptics mouth rinse" and suggested its use for direct application to mucous membranes. Patients with myotonia congenita should be cautious. If so directed, use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. Note: The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. Strong consideration for institution of this protocol should be given in light of the risks of inadvertent SARS-CoV-2 transmission during aerosol-generating procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract. Sakai M, Shimbo T, Omata K, Takahashi Y, Satomura K, Kitamura T, et al. mouth https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20729139, Lugol's solution-induced painless thyroiditis. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Lithgow K, Symonds C. Severe thyrotoxicosis secondary to Povidone-iodine from peritoneal dialysis. Lugol's Iodine Solution - Pure Iodine Supplement - Lugols Originals FOIA Current efforts to mitigate this risk focus on Personal Protective Equipment, including high-efficiency filtration as well as other measures. Google Scholar. CAS All rights reserved. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness of operating room transmission risks of the responsible virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lugol's solution and Gentian violet eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in skin wound infections. Article Oysters, sushi (from seaweed), canned salmon, snapper, eggs, milk and fortified bread have been shown to contain the highest amount. Numerous studies have confirmed that povidone-iodine inactivates many common respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-1. PubMed Central Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. DC was responsible for proof reading and editing the manuscript, analysis and final approval of the version to be published. Eggers M, Eickmann M, Zorn J. Antithyroid Agents may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists. Iodine therapy is not recommended in the preoperative setting in patients with thyrotoxicosis caused by a toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goiter due to the risk of exacerbating hyperthyroidism. Potassium iodide and iodine (Lugol solution): Drug Interaction. PubMed Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or take it for longer than prescribed or recommended because of the increased risk of side effects. Terms and Conditions, Repeated dosing increases the risk of blocking thyroid function in the unborn baby, possibly causing harm. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28325735, Rapid preoperative blockage of thyroid hormone production / secretion in patients with Graves' disease. Treatment of thyroid storm (as part of a multimodality treatment approach). USE COUPON CODE 10OFF, What are the symptoms of iodine deficiency, Customer accounts enabled in your Store Admin. Satomura K, Kitamura T, Kawamura T, Shimbo T, Watanabe M, Kamei M, et al. Lugols Solution is taken Orally by placing drops in a cup of water, Typically for 2% Iodine we recommend 6 drops per day. Please see our Dosage Chart for more details on on exact dosages for whatever it is you are trying to treat. Please note this Dosage Chart is only available for our 5% formula. Who can Buy LUGOLS IODINE SOLUTION? Their new, Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval. Molecular Iodine: Could This Be a Game Changer for Google Scholar. Toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine application in the assessment of oral malignant disease and lesions at risk of malignancy. Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, et al. Rahn R, Adamietz IA, Boettcher HD, Schaefer V, Reimer K, Fleischer W. Povidone-iodine to prevent mucositis in patients during antineoplastic radiochemotherapy. 2005;29(4):3027. 5 CCs (5 ml) 7% Saline Solution. - 2011 Apr;46(4):406-13. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2010.545829. (US) Calculating Number of MG's of Iodine and Iodide per Drop of LUGOL'S 2%: Each VERTICAL "metric" drop (= 1/20 ml) is approximately 1.0 mg of iodine and 2.0 mg of potassium iodide. Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Dental societies. In a radiation emergency, take this drug only when public health and safety officials tell you to do so. 2010 Apr-Jun;21(2):218-23. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.66633. In such cases, this product blocks the thyroid gland from absorbing radioactive iodine, protecting it from damage and reducing the risk of thyroid cancer. Data obtained point to the utility and the safety of Lugol's iodine when employed for detection and margins delineation of OSCC and dysplasia. 2013;10(5):579-92. Commenting is limited to medical professionals. 2004;51(9):9326. Hypersensitivity/Allergy to iodine or any component of the formulation; Nodular thyroid disease and heart disease. Vital staining such as toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine solution, are routinely used in the OSCC detection but few data exist about the last one. A literature review is made t Use of Lugol's iodine in oral cancer diagnosis: an overview May enhance the hyperkalemic effect of Potassium Salts. This makes it a very safe way to administer iodine. Mucosal PVP-I application, deployed alongside existing protocols for PPE, may decrease the risk of contagion to healthcare personnel, especially in procedures which traverse mucosal membranes of the head and neck. WebLugols Solution is taken Orally by placing drops in a cup of water, Typically for 2% Iodine we recommend 6 drops per day. Non-Invasive Early Detection of Oral Cancers Using Fluorescence Visualization with Optical Instruments. Iodine (stable/non-radioactive iodine) is an essential nutrient needed in micro amounts for the normal function of the thyroid gland. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Epub 2022 May 28. Please see our Dosage Chart for more details on on 2023 Jan;20(1):120-130. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13846. The thyroid gland is the most sensitive part of the bodyto radio-active iodine and isunable to distinguish between radio-active iodine and stable iodine (needed for normal thyroid function). It was invented to achieve the well established antimicrobial effects of iodine with less of a risk of skin irritation. The use of a diluted Povidone-Iodine solution in your mouth and nose is a simple way to kill the virus where it lives. Several studies have shown a measurable improvement in periodontal status after treatment with full-strength povidone-iodine. Dermatology. Safety Data Sheet The companion nutrients are: selenium (200 to 600 micrograms); magnesium (400 - 600 milligrams); Vitamin C (3,000 to 10,000 milligrams); 1/2 teaspoon unrefined https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-disorders/hyperthyroidism?query=lugol%20solution, https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-20753/lugols-oral/details, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/lugols-iodine, Lugols solution and other iodide preparations: perspectives and research directions in Graves disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693970/, Look Out for Lugols Error-Prevention Strategies for This Strong Iodine Solution https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495864/, Use of Lugol's iodine in oral cancer diagnosis: an overview. This is particularly important in high-risk procedures like dental treatment. Other IODINE Questions Answered - Everything You Need To BMC Oral Health. Lachapelle JM, Castel O, Casado AF, Leroy B, Micali G, Tennstedt D, Lambert J. Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance: a focus on povidone iodine. Do not store in the bathroom. The two most potent antiseptic metabolites of PVP-I are molecular I2 and hypoiodous acid, which deliver free iodine. Intubation, as well as transoral and transnasal procedures, may pose a unique risk as viral particles may be aerosolized while performing these measures and contact with mucosa can be extensive. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Nasal Lugol's Iodine Rinse for Protection Against COVID reported a significant decrease in absence rate due to common cold and influenza in a middle school where the use of PVP-I gargle was encouraged. Chen WJ, Yang JY, Lin JH, Fann CS, Osyetrov V, King CC, et al. 2020. It is used in the management of thyroid storm and thyrotoxic crises. Chlorhexidine, a bisbiguanide, has been an important oral antiseptic for more than 40 years, and numerous studies and meta-reviews have confirmed its antiplaque and antigingivitis effects. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing, fever with joint pain. Medscape Dental & Oral Health2011 CAS Use of Lugol's iodine in oral cancer diagnosis: an overview Keep all medications away from children and pets. To our knowledge, there are no in vivo studies of oronasal application of PVP-I to reduce coronavirus infection. It is a condition where the metabolism is in an increased state of activity with elevated serum levels of free thyroid hormones. Antithyroid Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sodium Iodide I131. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 5.036, Houston, TX, 77030, USA, Syed H. S. Naqvi,Martin J. Citardi,Mark I. Knackstedt&Ron J. Karni, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA, You can also search for this author in 2006;42(11):15619. Its chemical formula is KI, Parasite infection detection (medical use), Hot nodule (single, autonomous, hyperfunctioning nodule), Chronic inflammatory skin disease with blisters. Doctors' Sacrifices; Toothbrushing Robots; and a Decline in Monkeypox Cases, Your Patients Are Rotting Their Teeth With Vaping, UK COVID-19 Daily: Minute's Silence for Health Worker Deaths, Free NHS Dental Treatment for Young People in Scotland, Periodontal Diseases Tied to a Higher Risk of Chronic Illnesses. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Hasheminia D, Moaddabi A, Moradi S, Soltani P, Moannaei M, Issazadeh M. The efficacy of 1% Betadine mouthwash on the incidence of dry socket after mandibular third molar surgery. The cannula is inserted into the base of the periodontal pocket to ensure maximum drug delivery. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The virus may reside in high concentrations in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity and oropharynx, and thus opportunities for dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating suite have been hypothesized [2, 3]. There is about 6300mcg per drop according to the Weston A. Price foundation in Lugol's iodine and the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance for an adult male is ~150mcg. The body can only absorb about 10% of the amount of Lugol's iodine you put on your skin in the span of 48 hours if you dont wash, depending how much the body requires. Consult your doctor for more details. 2014;25(2):e172e4. Lugol's Iodine In his discussion, Kawira writes: PVP-I products for gargling and spraying the throat may have a prophylactic effect on SARS during outbreaks. [12] In 2015, Eggers et al. 2022 Aug;63(8):1162-1168. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262235. KIsaturates the thyroid gland with stable (non-radio-active) iodine preventing the uptake of radio-active iodine. Iodine Lugols Solution The safety profile of topical application of PVP-I to oral mucosa has been demonstrated. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. What is Lugols solution? Nebulizing kills the virus on contact in your sinuses and lungs. Google Scholar. Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Ogata et al. Diagnostics (Basel). following radioiodine exposure, thyroid function should be monitored in pregnant women, neonates, and young infants if repeat doses are required. It is a liquid that contains an iodine and potassium iodide concentrate. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. Original Source: Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 8th Edition, Revision A, 1998. To improve the taste, mix the dose in a full glass (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) of water, milk, formula, or juice before taking. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company. Mao YC, Tsai WJ, Wu ML, Ger J, Deng JF, Yang CC. Click the topic below to receive emails when new articles are available. How Cost-effectiveness of gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. May enhance the hyperkalemic effect of Potassium Salts. Fluorescent Molecular Imaging Can Improve Intraoperative Sentinel Margin Detection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Generally, about ~100 mg/day of iodine/iodide is required for thyroid block. Patients with impaired renal function should be cautious. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Epub 2010 Dec 29. Antiseptics are particularly valuable in the treatment of biofilm infections, which may be unresponsive to even high concentrations of antibiotics. 5%-10% Lugol's oral and topical solution. A thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition resulting from untreated or ineffectually treated severe hyperthyroidism. BAM R40: Lugol's Iodine Solution January 2001 Dissolve KI in about 20-30 ml of distilled water. We are leaving to the Expo in CHINA, so it's time to pack the bags to bring a little bit of La Rioja and our house on the other side of the world. In the original patent, it was observed that Lugol's was only effective against S. aureus when diluted down to 4%, while povidone-iodine was effective down to 0.33%. Shiraishi T, Nakagawa Y. To find a Qualified Medical Doctor to EFFECTIVELY combat COVID-19 and other Virus Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery | Keep the container tightly closed. 2020;67:73245. Skin application of iodine is an effective way for supplementation of iodine with an anticipated bioavailability of 6-12% of the total iodine applied to the skin. One drop (6.5 mg per drop) of Lugols daily in Benefits & Usage: Thyroid Detox Eye Ear Anxiety Testosterone Wounds Weight Loss Adults Wiki. Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a randomized trial. For more information, refer to the Iodine monograph. Cookies policy. A subsequent cost-effectiveness study of daily prophylactic PVP-I gargling suggests that this is an acceptable strategy when looking at quality of life days and cost [20]. increased watering of mouth irregular heartbeat metallic taste numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness in hands or feet soreness of teeth and gums stomach upset symptoms of head cold unusual tiredness weakness or heaviness of legs Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. 2012;23(6):17879. Other causes include: During a nuclear accident, a cloud or plume of radioactive iodine can be released into the atmosphere where it will contaminate all surfaces. Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells. PVP-I in low concentrations has not been known to stain teeth [33]. Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) has many causes. MeSH Morikawa T, Shibahara T, Nomura T, Katakura A, Takano M. Cancers (Basel). Dissolve KI in about 20-30 ml of distilled water. Web5% Lugols Iodine Solution Drops Thyroid Support Supplement 2oz 5% Lugols Iodine Solution Drops Thyroid Support Supplement 2oz Regular price $14.99. 2007;46(7):3915. Wong J, Goh QY, Tan Z, Lie SA, Tay YC, Ng SY, et al. Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. Epub 2016 Aug 5. A Japanese randomized control trial of daily PVP-I gargle versus a control group showed an improvement to incidence rate of first upper respiratory tract infection [19]. and allergy, About This assessment considers the risk to benefit ratio, taking into account the dose and duration. As health care settings develop new protocols around SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis, the application of PVP-I solutions to the upper aerodigestive tract appears to be a low-cost and simple intervention for reducing viral burden from relevant mucosal surfaces.
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lugol's iodine mouth rinse