A-81. PDF Tools of The Company Commander In all cases, the enemy's recent activities must be understood, because they can provide insight into his future activities and intentions. Reinforcing obstacles, protective (reinforcing) obstacles offer close-in protection and are important to survivability. He also may make sound assumptions about the enemy, human nature, and local culture. A-63. Goal is to develop COAs for every feasible ECOA; however, the commander usually limits that option with his guidance. A-37. As suggested by Davis in [3], interacting with a software program should feel natural, informal, The object is to determine what can go wrong and what decision the leader likely will have to make as a result. Lost opportunity, such as movement across terrain severely restricts the speed of traverse. Will wind speed cause obscurants to dissipate quickly? This reconnaissance helps him to see the ground objectively and to see how it will affect both forces: A-54. Identify the essential communicators and formal and informal processes used to influence people. War gaming helps the leader fully synchronize friendly actions, while considering the likely reactions of the enemy. This event made me realize the importance of instrument meteorological conditions training and proper crew coordination. The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. OAKOC The COA covers the operational factors of who, what, when, where, and how, and must show from start to finish how the unit will accomplish the mission. He also identifies positions where artillery observers can call for indirect fire. Critical events for each COA. Even if it offers clear observation and fields of fire, it offers nothing if the enemy can easily bypass it, or if the selected course of action involves maneuver on a different avenue of approach. Tasks and purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. Categories of terrain, unrestricted terrain free of restrictions to movement, so no actions are needed to enhance mobility. This characteristic addresses terrain analysis from a civilian perspective. Will wind speed and direction affect the employment of available mortars? Table A-1 shows recommended situation template items. Every culture, every group of people, has patterns of behavior. A-39. The analysis is a comparison of how a structures location, functions, and capabilities as compared to costs and consequences of such use. Fratricide is an example of an accident risk. During the first step of COA development, analyzing relative combat power, leaders compare and contrast friendly combat power with the enemy. Flexibility built into the plan by gaining insights into possible branches to the basic plan. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a mission is a duty or task assigned to an individual or unit. Ethnic dynamics include religion, cultural mores, gender roles, customs, superstitions, and values certain ethnic groups hold dear which differ from other groups. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. Categories of terrain, restricted terrain hindering movement somewhat. Our pilot report, along with others, gave the forecaster more information to augment his observation. A-59. Friendly forces information requirements include information leaders need to know about their units or about adjacent units to make critical decisions. Composition Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. In analyzing fields of fire, he considers the friendly and enemy potential to cover avenues of approach and key terrain, in particular, with direct fires. A leader must convey to his subordinates the importance of these deductions, and effect they will have on the units operations. For example, if the specified task is "Seize Objective Fox," and new intelligence has OBJ FOX surrounded by reinforcing obstacles, this intelligence would drive the implied task of "Breach reinforcing obstacles vicinity Objective Fox.". How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? How can I use each avenue of approach to support my movement and maneuver? (Refer to ATP 2-01.3 for more information.). ODIN - OE Data Integration Network A-108. The result of the COA development process is paragraph 3 of the OPORD. This is key terrain which seizure, retention, or control is necessary for mission accomplishment. In such a situation, a leader must rely on information provided by battalion or higher echelon A-25. He analyzes if vegetation will affect the employment or trajectory of the Javelin, or 60-mm mortars. A-111. COA Statement and Sketch - BestAcademicExperts.com Consider all nonmilitary groups or institutions in the area of operation. Determine the purposes to be achieved by the main and supporting. What are the strengths and weaknesses of subordinate leaders? Although EEFIs are not part of the CCIRs, they still become priorities when the leader states them. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. A-34. It, along with the platoons purpose, is usually assigned by the higher headquarters' OPORD in concept of operation or Tasks to Maneuver Units. How do I get him to go there? R&S assets and, most importantly, his and his higher headquarters pattern analysis and deductions about the enemy in his AO. A-77. If the leader has developed more than one COA, he must compare them by weighing the specific advantages, disadvantages, strengths, and weaknesses of each as noted during the war game. Some precipitation questions to answer include . In the operational environment, this might be the most important analysis the leader conducts and is likely to yield the most useful information to the leader. CBRN. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? Not only does it facilitate planning, but it also aids in briefing subordinates. Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. A-68. Consequently, this information must be protected from identification by the enemy. The unit's decisive operation always focuses at the decisive point, and always accomplishes the unit's purpose. It also includes understanding the full array of assets in support of the unit. Where can I destroy the enemy? Sustainment Mission Command Threat COA's - Sketch PLT Concept (i.e. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. The length of crossover time depends on air temperature, soil and vegetation types, amount of cloud cover, and other factors. How will it affect the enemy? The S-3 informed us where friendly forces were in our area, while the S-2 filled us in on where the action was in our battle space. Prepare a COA statement and sketch. Determine Time Phase Lines (TPLs) and Mobility Corridors 3. Air density decreases as temperature and humidity increase. 1 / 38. A-42. A-112. The time it takes to complete this is well worth the effort to ensure the command is aware of the increased risk involved. PDF From Visual to Logical Representation A GIS-Based Sketching Tool for How do I gain or maintain control of key terrain? Time refers to many factors during the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, and assess). Specified tasks also may be found in annexes and overlays, for example-- "Seize OBJ FOX. Analyze how vital civilian areas affect the missions of respective forces and how military operations affect these areas. Assumptions Courses of Action (COA) Refined COAs Potential decision points War-game results Initial assessment measures Update assumption Approved COA Adv/Disadvantages of each COA COA. A-120. A-75. How will the terrain affect the employment of mortars, medium machine guns, and Javelin missiles? Will I attack toward the sunrise? A-79. . It is a continuous cycle of action, reaction, and counteraction. This process highlights critical tasks, stimulates ideas, and provides insights rarely gained through mission analysis and COA development alone. Additionally, they apply these conclusions when they develop COA for both enemy forces and their units. Forward area arming and refueling points. The answers to the following questions become inputs into developing a COA. A description of the weather we had encountered earlier added credence to our discussions with the battle captain. A-64. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. to convey the operation in a doctrinal context. The unit has the technical and tactical skills and resources to accomplish the COA, with available time, space, and resources. A-38. He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about The two key elements are friendly forces information and priority intelligence requirements. Feasible. We boarded our aircraft, started the engines and positioned ourselves at the passenger terminal to pick up our first passengers for the evening. Echeloning and identifying of enemy observation and indirect fires. The leader should focus his efforts to develop at least one well-synchronized COA; if time permits, he should develop several. PDF Sketch Recognition for Course of Action Diagrams Whenever possible and depending on the existing chain of command, they avoid fracturing unit integrity. Partial cloud cover can cause glare, a condition attacking aircraft might use to conceal their approach to the target. Because of the uncertainty always present in operations at the small unit level, leaders cannot be expected to think of everything during their analysis. If executed, the COA accomplishes the mission consistent with the higher commander's concept and intent. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. A-69. What is the composition and strength of the enemy force? They influence and interact with the populace, force, and each other. We informed the battle captain of our weather forecaster's concerns of flying the mission. A-60. Decisive point and what makes it decisive. Mission analysis has no time standard. He need not wait for a complete OPORD before starting to develop his own tentative plan. Terrain analysis should produce several specific conclusions : A-58. Cloud cover affects ground operations by limiting illumination and solar heating of targets. He applies the results to the friendly and enemy COA he develops. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. Will the sun rise behind my attack or in my eyes? The graphic depiction of terrain can be a photograph, overlay for a map sheet, or a terrain model. The sketch provides a picture of the maneuver aspects of the concept. How will temperature and humidity affect the Soldiers and equipment? In general, terrain and weather do not favor one side over the other unless one is better prepared to operate in the environment or is more familiar with it. An example of a basic COA sketch is shown in Figure 1-1. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. He determines how the weather will affect the visibility, mobility, and survivability of his unit and that of the enemy. A-94. COA Statement and Sketch Pajota's Guerillas' mission is to block off a mile of road through the use of road blocks on both sides of the highway bridge cross over Cabu Creek of an estimated 300 yards northeast from compound. A COA should be suitable, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete: Note. Leaders must understand impact of their actionsas well as their subordinates actionson the civilian population, and effects they will have on current and future operations. Defined Operational Environment When (this is the time given in the company OPORD). Civil considerations are important when conducting operations against terrorist or insurgent forces in urban areas. How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. A prominent hilltop overlooking an avenue of approach might or might not be key terrain. For example, fratricide is a hazard categorized as an accident risk; surface danger zones and risk estimate distance are used to identify the controls, such as TRP and phase lines, to reduce this accidental risk. Existing obstacles, man-made include towns; canals; railroad embankments; buildings; power lines; telephone lines. The impact on civilians. For decisive operations, since the purposes are the same (nested concept) the essential task also accomplishes the higher headquarters purpose. Most missions and tasks can be accomplished in more than one way. It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. With the preflight accomplished and the gear prearranged where we wanted it, we headed for the dining facility to grab dinner before our long mission. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms fancy Study by Action statement, Classes of Action Sketch, COA statment and sketch additionally see. Offensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire include , A-55. A-122. During all phases, leaders consider critical times, unusable time, the time it takes to accomplish activities, the time it takes to move, priorities of work, and tempo of operations. Will temperatures and humidity favor the use of nonpersistent chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear? Only those requiring resources should be used. What is the supply status of ammunition, water, fuel (if required), and other necessary items? The COA statement should identify. They were calling for three miles visibility, which is certainly legal weather. Leaders who identify the economic production base of their area of operation can execute civil-military campaigns within their area of operation bolstering the economic welfare of the people. Prior to every flight, all units must use the risk management process to ensure the weather is more than just legal. We discussed the weather conditions and decided to keep an eye on it. PDF Company OPORD Development Checklist - The Company Leader He includes in this situation template the likely sectors of fire of the enemy weapons and tactical and protective obstacles, either identified or merely templated, which support defensive tasks. This product is similar to the MCOO in it shows the critical military aspects of terrain. He made an informed decision to put the crews on standby in case the weather lifted. A sketch typically includes symbols of friendly and enemy units, assembly. He should be familiar with the basic characteristics of the units and platforms identified. IPB. Search and attack operations are conducted by smaller, light maneuver units and air cavalry or air assault units in large areas. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. Existing obstacles, natural include rivers; forests; mountains; ravines; gaps and ditches more than three meters wide; tree stumps and large rocks more than 18 inches high; forests with trees eight inches or more in diameter, with less than four meters between trees. Commanders should limit their CCIRs to essential information. COA Statement and Sketch - LegitWriting This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation. The leader identifies critical factors about cloud cover, including limits on illumination and solar heating of targets. The military advantage gained by executing the COA must justify the cost in resources, especially casualties. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. -Form of maneuver or type of defensive operation. What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. Course of Action Statement and Sketch Flashcards | Quizlet The COA statement briefly expresses how the unit will conduct the combined arm concept. They maintain understanding of subordinates readiness, including maintenance, training, strengths and weaknesses, leaders, and logistic status. Leaders at every echelon must understand the mission, intent, and operational concept one and two levels higher. Disposition Reinforcing obstacles are constructed, emplaced, or detonated by military force . Select or Modify COA for Continued Analysis NOTE: A good COA positions the force for sequels and provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. The area of interest includes threat forces or other elements characterizing the operational environment and greatly influencing the accomplishment of the mission.
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coa statement and sketch example