1) Maggi Seasoning. As the name suggests, red wine vinegar is made from red wine, but the two have very little in common flavor-wise. A nutty flavor gives way to a finish that lasts for up to a few minutes. If you're making chicken Cranberry juice cocktail will probably add too much sweetness to your recipe. Try a splash in a thickened stew, soup, or sauted meat dish. Taste of Home is America's #1 cooking magazine. (No need to completely cook the chops at this point.) That said, if youre looking for non-alcoholic cooking wine substitutes in your recipes, you have quite a few options, even if youre making something that doesnt leave any alcohol behind. $14.99. Shaoxing wine is used in many Chinese dishes both for cooking and drinking purposes. Is Chinese cooking wine the same as rice wine vinegar? For stir-fries and sauts, try using Mijiu instead of soy sauce for a lighter and fresher flavor profile. Like regular table wine, cooking wines comes in a number of different varieties, including dry and sweet reds and whites, fortified wines like sherry and even rice wine. Vermouth, Port, Sherry, and Commandaria are some of the fortified wines to consider. With these tips, youll be able to make delicious Chinese dishes without having to rely on difficult-to-find ingredients like Shaoxing wine. Chicken stock combined with a splash of lemon juice is also an excellent option. No,Chinese cooking wine is not the same as rice wine vinegar. The cubes are a great substitute for Chinese cooking wine becausethey add a wonderful depth of flavor to dishes. As with all substitutions, make sure you use careful judgment when adding sherry, as too much can overpower the dish. For optimal results, use Shaoxing when a recipe calls for it or use rice wine vinegar as a substitute for regular white distilled vinegar. Short on ingredients? Best used to replace: rice and mirin wine. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up for our newsletter and stay up to date. White grape juice is also a good backup option. Meanwhile, melt the butter in a large saucepan over medium heat. Its nice in dressings, marinades, or desserts that call Be sure to adjust any other seasonings accordingly to complement the added saltiness of the light soy sauce. Other cooking wine substitutes. Pour milk into another medium bowl. .css-1n3gisz{color:#12837c;display:block;font-family:Mogan,Mogan-fallback,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.625rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1n3gisz:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1n3gisz{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1n3gisz{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1n3gisz{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1n3gisz{font-size:2.00879rem;line-height:1.1;}}This $12 Tool Makes Taco Tuesday So Much Easier, 12 Different Types of Tomatoes to Try This Season, How to Know If a Watermelon Is Ripe and Sweet, Different Types of Hot Peppers, Explained, Here's How to Tell if a Pineapple Is Ripe, How to Freeze Summer Squash and Enjoy It Longer. Cranberry juice or pomegranate juice. You can also use white grape juice in place of other white wines formarinades, sauces, and gravies. Lifehacker suggests using a 50-50 mixture of fresh lemon juice and white grape juice when you are out of white wine and are making chicken piccata or shrimp. Additionally, make sure to use Chinese rice wine in recipes that require specific ingredients for optimal taste and texture. Vinegar is an excellent tenderizer. Slow cooked chicken, seafood, sauces - they're all enhanced by white wine. Dry sherry can be a good substitute for rice wine in a recipe. Mirin, a Japanese rice wine, is another popular kindit's light in color and slightly sweet (sweeter than sake). Recipes call for wine when they want to add flavor or aroma to a dish, marinade or tenderize meat, or deglaze a pan. $14.99. Since gin is vaguely similar in flavor to some rice wines, it can be used as a substitute in certain recipes. Just keep in mind that some dishes, like that beloved Chicken Marsala, get their flavor from wine, so you may not want to use a substitute for that one. When using stock as a substitute for cooking wine, its best to add some salt and other seasonings, such as garlic or herbs, for extra flavor. Pomegranate juice can also serve as a substitute for red wine. Additionally, any saltiness from Chinese cooking wine should be replaced with extra mirin if necessary. In addition, it hasless sodium contentthan regular Chinese cooking wine, making it a healthier alternative. Pomegranate juice can also serve as a substitute for red wine. In this article, we will discuss the best alternative options to traditional Chinese cooking wine and explore how each one can bring out the delicious flavors of your favorite regional dishes. What You Can Substitute For Cooking Wine This helps create flavorful gravies and pan sauces. WebAdd the wine and stock to the skillet, and whisk to stir up any browned bits. Apple juice. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Best Substitute for White Wine in Cooking - Martha Stewart ounces dried apricots, finely chopped (about 15 apricots). If you can't cook with alcohol, or prefer not to, there are other ways to substitutealcohol for you totest out. Red grape juice gets pretty close to red wine in flavor profile and the healthbenefits of red wine. Fate of ethanol during cooking of liquid foods prepared with alcoholic beverages: Theory and experimental studies. From dry white wines to rice vinegar, there are a variety of ingredients that make great substitutes for Chinese cooking wineeach with its own unique flavor profile. Beer is among the best substitutes for white wine. It has a milder flavor than regular white distilled vinegar and imparts a sweet flavor to dishes. There are various kinds of rice wine, each with their own unique flavorand many are good for both drinking and cooking. If the recipe calls for white wine, use chicken or vegetable stock, or light juices such as apple, lemon, or lime. A regular dry white wine for cooking is definitely not the same as a traditional Shaoxing wine, but it could add a nice subtle alcoholic flavor to a dishit will work as a rice wine substitute in a pinch. In a large bowl, mix together the olive oil, honey and 1 tablespoon pickling liquid. A cooking wine also contains salt, some preservatives and in some cases, a sweetener. It should not be considered a substitute for a professional nutritionists advice. Grape Juice and Vinegar: You can use red or white grape juice with a splash of vinegar, but It's a tenderizer, adds moisture and is a key ingredient when making a de-glaze. 602. You can even swap it in equal amounts (go for low-sodium broth so your dish doesn't 6,184. Finally, try substituting chicken broth or vegetable stock for the water called for in the recipe. Play with flavors as youre cooking. Its perfectly safe to drink, if you can get past the salty-sweet flavor, but trust me, youre not going to enjoy it. To bring down any bitterness, add a little fruit juice. Add the cooled chicken and the apricots and stir to coat them in the sauce. It is made from fermented apple juice and can be used in many recipes that call for Chinese cooking wine. WebCooking Wines Cooking Wines Edmundo Spanish Golden cooking dry wine. If it's to add some acidity then choose an alternative ingredient, like vinegar, that does the same job. How much alcohol remains depends on theconcentration of alcoholused in the recipe, the level of heat, even the size of your pot. Another great tip is to look for recipes that call for simple ingredients like ginger, garlic, and onion which can be found in most supermarkets or Asian grocery stores. Choose fruit juices without added sugar to maintain that acidity and stick to yourpaleo diet. Note: The information shown is Edamams estimate based on available ingredients and preparation. Apple Cider Vinegar has asweet, tart taste that pairs well with many foods, and it also adds complexity to dishes. Apple cider. All in all, the stock is an excellent substitute for Chinese cooking wine that allows you to enjoy the flavors of your favorite Chinese dishes without having to worry about adding too much salt or other unhealthy ingredients. Q1. We don't know when or if this item will be back in stock. You may prepare the cauliflower steaks in advance though Step 2, then reheat briefly to serve. Your email address will not be published. Because of these differences, it doesn't work very well to substitute one for the other. To get thick slices, youll want to invest in a couple of cauliflowers and be prepared to turn the trimmings into soup or use for stir-fry for another meal. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Nate Teague is a food writer who has been working in the food industry for the past decade. We've all been there. There are always easy substitutes you can use that will add flavor to the dish you are making. While it certainly doesn't have the depth of flavor of traditional rice wines, white grape juice can add acidity and fruit flavor to a dish in the same way that a rice wine like Shaoxing wine might. If your recipe is a little on the sweet side, add a tablespoon of vinegar to bring out the acidity in the grapes. Add a splash, taste test and add more as required. WebVino Seco (Golden Cooking Wine) Brand: American Spice No reviews Currently unavailable. White grape juice can be used in any recipe that calls for white wine, and the results will be just as delicious. This way, you wont have to hunt down hard-to-find items like Shaoxing wine. ", Here's What You Can Substitute For Cooking Wine. Finally, add some Mijiu to marinades for an extra boost of flavor that helps to tenderize your meats or seafood. Red Grape Juice. For a stronger flavor, you can add a small amount of soy sauce or Worcestershire sauce to give it some depth. Cranberry Juice. It is used as a condiment to enhance the flavor of food. If the recipe asks for red wine, you can swap in any broth Let's take a look at these ingredients now, you're probably in a hurry to get that dish completed. Can I use normal wine instead of Shaoxing wine? Sherry, which comes from southern Spain, is a fortified wine, meaning it has spirits added to it, giving it a higher alcohol content than average wines. Golden mountain syrup Additionally, wine can tenderize meat, deglaze a pan, or ensure a dish isn't dry. Keep these points in mind when substituting Mirin for Chinese Cooking Wine, and youll be sure to create a delicious and unique dish. Be the first to leave one. Black sauce In addition, sake can even be added to dessert recipes like daifuku mochi or ice cream for a unique twist! If you want an extra kick, try substituting Chinese cooking wine for the broth it adds depth and complexity to any stir-fry dish. Cooking wine can be an essential ingredient in many Chinese dishes. Can I use red wine instead of red wine vinegar? They also taste good at room temperature. This makes it easy to swap equal amounts of the carbonated beverage for recipes calling for sweet white wine. Chicken or vegetable stock or broth can be a great substitute for cooking wine. Tastessence recommends broth with a couple of drops of lime juice as an appropriate substitution for white wine in risotto recipes, but warns to stay away from vinegar alternatives, as they will ruin the flavor of the dish. Another great tip is to sprinkle some cornstarch over any marinated meats before cooking them this will help create a crispy texture and give your dish a delicious crunchy finish!Moreover, Shaoxing wine also adds flavor to a variety of dishes. Goya Golden Cooking Wine, 25.4 Ounce Bottle Visit the Goya Store 29 ratings $1299 ($12.99 / Count) Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime Available at a lower Set aside. If youre going for extra flavor, a good substitute matches that flavor profile. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Dont skip it; reach for cooking wine or one of the substitutes below instead. Cooking and need a good stand-in for the red wine called for in a recipe? But penne alla vodka, for instance, uses vodka to bind the acidic tomato juice with It's a staple in many Asian cuisines. However, keep in mind that the final dish will be affected by the Note that wine vinegars may contain trace amounts of alcohol, but most of that alcohol is converted into acetic acid during fermentation. When you add alcohol in wine or all of that sugar found in most grape juices, those benefits arent always as obvious. It has a distinctive golden-yellow color with a strong sweet, and savory flavor and aroma. When all else fails, you can always use water as a last-minute wine substitute in your cooking. One sip will tell you cooking wine was never intended to be sipped. cooking wine Best White Wine Substitutes For Cooking - The Spruce Eats If its a wine replacement youre after, make sure its a brand youll enjoy sipping once youve used a dash in that pasta sauce. What is a Chinese cooking wine? Gin is a good replacement for Chinese cooking wine. Gin has amild flavorthat wont overpower the other flavors in the dish, allowing you to create unique and flavorful recipes. #feast-advanced-jump-to { z-index: 999; border: none; opacity: 0.97; background: #FCFCFC; border-left:4px solid #CCC; padding:5px 0 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 57px;} #feast-advanced-jump-to summary, #feast-advanced-jump-to ul{ margin-left:0;min-height:50px;} #feast-advanced-jump-to li { list-style-type:none; } #feast-advanced-jump-to li a { text-decoration: none; } We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. Julia Moskin, Fergus Henderson, Trevor Gulliver, 25 minutes, plus cooling time for tart shells and ganache. Mirin is basically akind of sweet rice wine similar to sake, and it is commonly used in Japanese cuisine. Remember to hold back a little on the quantity of the substitute - the last thing you want is a bitter, sour tasting meal on your hands. It has asaltier flavorthat can be used to substitute for the more complex flavor of Chinese cooking wine. Bourbon 1 1/2 to 2 teaspoons of non-alcoholic vanilla extract. For sweet desserts, use a mix of vanilla extract and water. Wine Substitutes 45 minutes, plus at least 30 minutes marinating. What is a Knorr Liquid Seasoning substitute? That should tell you all you need to know!. Its tart flavor is comparable to bold cabernet sauvignon or tempranillo wines. Ingredients Iberia Dry White That could make your recipe too sour. But they should not be used interchangeably because their flavors are quite different. The taste of Shaoxing wine can vary depending on its age and origin, but generally, it has an intense umami flavor with hints of sweetness, nuttiness, and complexity. 6 Best Rice Wine Substitutes You May Already Have at Home, This $12 Tool Makes Taco Tuesday So Much Easier. Dry sherry can be a good substitute for rice wine in a recipe. To put on exclamation point on their argument, my instructors explained it like this: You dont find it in the wine section; its with the vinegars. It is a digital cookbook and cooking guide alike, available on all platforms, that helps home cooks of every level discover, save and organize the worlds best recipes, while also helping them become better, more competent cooks. It should not be considered a substitute for a professional nutritionists advice. Shaoxing wine substitutes: Any Chinese rice wine (such as clear rice wine or mi chiu/mijiu) Dry cooking sherry Korean rice wine (cooking wine) Mirin (reduce sugar in Fortunately, there are plenty of Chinese cooking wine substitutes that work just as well as cooking wine when preparing Chinese cuisine. Drizzle both sides of the cauliflower with olive oil and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Step 1 In a large bowl, mix together the olive oil, honey and 1 tablespoon pickling liquid. 2. If you're feeling daring, and your recipe is on the sweet side already, such as a sauce, you could try adding cranberry-grape juice. You can usually replace wine with chicken or vegetable brothyour dish will still be delicious! Step 1. Top 10 Chinese Cooking Wines If you like a good set it and forget it recipe with your slow cooker, you may only have trace amounts of alcohol left when its time to serve. If youre looking to add a little extra depth of flavor to your Asian recipes, then these dry white wines are definitely worth considering. Cooking Wines: CUBANFOODMARKET.COM Find us in storesorjoin our Wine Clubfor 25% off every order and member-only perks. How To Substitute For Cooking Wine With What You Have On Hand Its likely full of preservatives and could mess with the overall flavor profile of your recipe. Experiment with different recipes to see how you can incorporate this hidden gem into your cooking! Black sauce vinegar is made from sugar and molasses; its milder in taste and will not overpower the flavors of your dish. Regardless of how you choose to use it, Champagne vinegar is a great way to give your dishes a unique and delicious flavor. It also helps to tenderize the meat and make stir-fries more aromatic. Its great in dressings and seafood dishes that already want you using a little lemon. Heat a (dry) 12-inch cast-iron or heavy skillet with a tight-fitting lid over medium-high until hot, about 2 minutes. Drizzle both sides of the cauliflower with olive oil and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Washington Post Champagne vinegar is especially good when paired with herbs like rosemary or thyme. Cooking White grape juice and apple juice. Red wine vinegar as a substitute adds a layer of acidity to dishes that you may not get out of a dry red wine. Jeff Gordinier, 684 calories; 46 grams fat; 11 grams saturated fat; 0 grams trans fat; 15 grams monounsaturated fat; 18 grams polyunsaturated fat; 23 grams carbohydrates; 3 grams dietary fiber; 17 grams sugars; 43 grams protein; 722 milligrams sodium. You can serve these with a light marinara sauce, but they are very tasty with no sauce at all. Cooking Salt and pepper both sides of the pork chops and sear them on both sides until they're nice and golden, about 2 minutes per side. Don't go overboard with the vinegar as it will quickly overwhelm the dish with a sour and acidic taste. Beer. Everything Explained. Start by using half the amount of the designated amount of wine in a recipe and adjust accordingly according to your taste preferences. So next time you are looking for a way to make your meal more delicious and tender, dont forget to add a splash of Shaoxing wine you wont regret it! Place cauliflower slices on 2 rimmed baking sheets. This extends the shelf life of an open bottle of wine from hours to months. Non-Alcoholic Substitutes for Cooking Wine. Subscriber benefit: give recipes to anyone. The results are tasty and healthy! Top each cauliflower steak with a slice of fresh mozzarella, a slice of provolone and a slice of Monterey Jack. Through this process, the starches are transformed into sugars, which are then turned into wine, making it alcoholic. NYT Cooking is a subscription service of The New York Times. The combination of honey and black rice vinegar will bring out the sweetness without adding any noticeable acidity or bitterness. Try marinating fish fillets or shrimp in gin before cooking them for an extra layer of flavor. If youre cooking up a stew, the acidity in the tomatoes will likely work without adding much else. When used as an ingredient, its savory flavor can complement the other ingredients very well, while when enjoyed by itself, its a unique experience rooted in tradition. For example, if your recipe calls for 1 tablespoon of Chinese cooking wine, replace it with 1/2 tablespoon of black rice vinegar. This rice wine has a slightly lower alcohol content than sake and, depending on how long it has been fermented, can have a strong flavor. Wide Open Eats notes that if you are looking for a dry, sweet flavor, try apple cider, as it has less sugar. Were partial to Surely. This method works especially well for sauces and glazes that need to be sweeter in flavor. Stock is essentially an unseasoned liquid made from boiling bones and vegetables in water or broth. A Steak Dinner With Vegetarians in Mind, medium cauliflower heads (about 2 pounds each), cut into 12 (-inch-thick) slices, trimmings reserved for another purpose, slices fresh mozzarella (from 1 1-pound package), slices provolone (from 1 8-ounce package), slices Monterey Jack (from 1 8-ounce package), About cup grated Parmesan or Pecorino Romano, cup dry, coarse bread crumbs, preferably homemade (see Tip), anchovy fillets, rinsed and patted dry (optional), Pitted black olives, such as nioise (optional), tablespoons roughly chopped Italian parsley. Just be sure to use the appropriate amount when cooking, as too much can lead to a bitter or overpowering flavor. Youre just not adding any flavor here. Madeira and Marsala are fortified wines in savory and sweet cooking. Chinese cooking wine is also animportant ingredient in many sauces,such as black bean sauce and oyster sauce. Be sure to add plenty of liquid to your stir-fry dish. You dont need to come up with a Plan B if you dont have (or want!) Substitute Quantities Much like cranberry juice, unsweetened pomegranate juice adds layers of flavor and that ruby red color to dishes that call for red wine. Substitution Ratio: you can substitute 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar + tablespoon of sugar per 1 tablespoon of balsamic vinegar. Cooking Purchasing Link Substitutes Non-alcoholic sherry can be found in many grocery stores and even online, so youll have no problem locating the right ingredients for your recipe. Q4. $19.99 $ 19. Ann Pittman, executive editor of food at Cooking Light magazine, told the Denver Post, "If the recipe that serves eight people calls for 1/4 cup of dry white wine, it's OK to swap in some Mott's." White Wine Substitute Additionally, if you want to add the sweetness of Chinese cooking wine without the alcohol content, mix equal parts black rice vinegar and honey in place of Chinese cooking wine. You can find White Rice Wine in most Asian grocery stores or online. Thankfully, there's no reason to stress. Season the chicken lightly all over with salt, then add to the mixture, tossing to coat. Chinese cooking wine (Shaoxing) is a type of rice-based alcoholic beverage that has been fermented and aged for several years. WebNon-alcoholic substitute for Chinese cooking wine 1. This is because it has a similar grape-sweet taste to that of balsamic. Hey! Another good backup option is juice such as cranberry or red grape - their fruity undertone adds excellent depth of flavor. When a recipe calls for red wine, there are several options you can use that will probably be readily available in your pantry. Empirefoodsworld.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com- That does not Affect Your Payments. As with the broth and red grape juice substitutes, it's a good idea to add a bit of white vinegar to your cranberry juice to dial down the sweetness. A good rule of thumb is to begin off with half the amount called for in the recipe and adjust as needed. Just dont substitute wine for lemon in a 1:1 ratio. But, if youre going to be serving wine with the finished dish, skip the cooking wine and add some of the table wine. Skillet Chicken and Mushroom Wine Sauce Its made by fermenting grains, such as millet, rice, wheat, or sorghum. Dredge 3 chicken cutlets in the flour mixture, coating both sides, shaking off the excess flour. A good substitute for Shaoxing wine is apple juice combined with a splash of white vinegar. Light soy sauce is an easy alternative for anyone who doesnt have access to or doesnt want to use Chinese cooking wine in their recipes. For the best results, add a splash of vinegar to your measuring cup, then add broth until you reach the amount called for. They are excellent for savory dishes and desserts. Heat oil and butter in a heavy skillet over high heat. Replace lagers with chicken stock, ginger ale, or white grape juice. Just make sure you consider the purpose of the wine in the recipe. sour cream Zest and juice of 1 lime 1 tsp. Bonus: It's a good option for anyone looking for a non-alcoholic substitute. Panic sets it. We've got 10 suitable options. If youre trying to eat more veggies, you may already have tomato juice on hand as a red wine substitute. Additionally, look for authentic Chinese cooking wines, as they will provide the best flavor profile and quality. Season to taste with salt and pepper; remove and discard bay leaf. WebAdd the wine and stock to the skillet, and whisk to stir up any browned bits. Some of the alcohol content in recipes does burn off in the course of cooking, but it might be less than you think. So try replacing Chinese cooking wine with white grape juice, and you wont be disappointed! Adding white grape juice to steam fish will bring out an incredible flavor as well. April 3rd, 2023 A common variety of burgundy is dry red wine that is made from Pinot noir grapes. But since it does contain salt, a good rule of thumb is to reduce any added salt in a recipe, and then add small amounts of salt at the end if needed. Before you decide on the best substitute for red wine, consider the purpose for wine in your dish. What are the recommended alternatives to apple brandy? Once you make that determination, you can try to pick a wine that will go with those flavors. For dinner parties, its best to be transparent, especially if youre invitingpregnant friendsor anyone with allergies or health conditions. Use apple juice as a sweetener alternative in recipes that call for a smaller amount of wine or sherry. If you want that red wine taste and color, without the addition of alcohol, substitute red grape juice for the red wine in your recipe. Mirin is sweeter than Shaoxing rice wine, tooso you may want to adjust the sugar level in your dish. If you dont want to mess with your liquid ratios, subtract water for any added juices or vinegars you use to adjust flavor. Punch it up with a little lemon juice or vinegar in your favorite vegetarian dishes. Cauliflower steaks were all the rage in upscale restaurants a few years ago, but theyre easy to make at home in any number of variations. Edmundo, Cook Wine White Goldn Note: The information shown is Edamams estimate based on available ingredients and preparation. The broth is best, as it adds a lot of flavors that you wont get from just water. Check out our recommended substitutes for cooking sherry. Additionally, rice vinegar is often enhanced with other ingredients, such as garlic or ginger, that can add even more flavor to your dishes. It makes a great substitute for Chinese cooking wine because it adds depth of flavor to stir-fry dishes and other savory recipes. For example, you may need to reduce the amount of salt or seasonings since non-alcoholic sherry contains less flavor than regular cooking wines. Season the chicken lightly all over with salt, then add to the mixture, tossing to coat. This one, from Tea & Sympathy in New York City, is closely based on the original recipe, and includes a mix of curry powder, red wine and tomato pure folded into a mayonnaise dressing. If youre looking for options that meet alow-carb keto-diet, avoid sugary fruit juices or sodas and stick to broths and vinegars. When preparing Chinese dishes, it is important to note that a number of recipes call for the use of cooking wine. Chicken broth or vegetable broth can also be used if that's all you have on hand, but beef broth is definitely the better choice. An honor graduate of The Culinary Institute of America, James has traveled the world searching for great food in all corners of life. Step 2. It has a mild flavor and aroma, with its alcohol content ranging from 14-20%. It is a clear, sweet-tasting wine made from fermented glutinous rice, and it gives dishes a light sweetness.
golden cooking wine substitute
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golden cooking wine substitute