thalassemia minor and covid immunity

To begin, think of something you've had time to do that you'd otherwise not have time for, or something you learned. doi:10.12659/MSMBR.929207, Drouin E. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. 2020;57(5):478.doi:10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9, By Lynne Eldridge, MD Iron chelation therapy is also a vital treatment for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and should be continued until COVID-19 symptoms develop. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. beta thalassemia - NIH Director's Blog Bookshelf "At the end of the day, we're still not sure if blood type makes a difference," said Dr. Russo. (2022). WHO COVID19 Dashboard. may help support the immune system's ability to fight infections. However, certain issues, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, blood clots, and heart-related complications, should be monitored for. It's not known whether this therapy has any effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for . People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination. Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. (2016). They also had a higher chance of developing severe symptoms but didnt have higher rates of ICU admission. Iron overload due to repeated transfusions is the cause of many complications seen with thalassemia, and therefore many people are treated with iron chelation therapy. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. "We still do not understand all the factors at play," said Anupama Nehra, MD, an assistant professor at the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and clinical director of hematology-oncology at Rutgers Cancer Institute at University Hospital. Eur J Haematol. Yes. 2020;143:110014.doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110014, Motta I, De Amicis MM, Pinto VM, et al. Some of these release special . The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. Can Being Heterozygous for the Beta-Thalassemia Trait Affect Your Pregnancy? The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . Your red blood cells are likely to be smaller than is typical. -, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. hypoxic effect of anaemia in COVID-19 . EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD It causes anemia. ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Immune responses in beta-thalassaemia: heme - Scientific Reports We studied 255 positive COVID-19 participants unvaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), consecutively . The first study, conducted by . Clinical guidance on COVID-19 vaccines for people with thalassemia. Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). The Johnson & Johnsons Janssen can rarely cause arterial thrombosis, a blood clot in an artery, in people with thrombocytopenia 4 to 30 days after vaccination. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. Among people with thalassemia, little is known about long-term complications from COVID-19 at this time. It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. Among people aged 36 or older, an average of 60% of thalassemia patients had at least one coexisting condition (100% in the non-transfusion dependent group and 41.7% in the transfusion-dependent group). Like in alpha-thalassemia minor, your red blood cells will be smaller, and you may experience mild anemia. Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. Indian Pediatr. Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, while those with blood type O are less likely to test positive for the virus. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Blood and Bone Marrow Genetic Disorders. Special consideration is needed for both people who have had their spleens removed and for those who have had bone marrow/stem cell transplants to treat their thalassemia. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, UOC Medicina Generale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Thalassemia Trait (Minor): How Does It Affect You? - Healthline These drugs can reduce inflammation in blood vessels (endothelial inflammation) during viral infections. Working with your healthcare team to keep up with thalassemia treatments, getting vaccinated, and monitoring and treating for complications early if COVID-19 symptoms do develop are the recommended strategies to staying healthy through the pandemic. However, some limited evidence suggests that certain types of thalassemia may have some protective effect against COVID-19. Accessibility chenevex, France. Bender MA, et al. doi:10.1002/ajh.25857, NGO A, Masel D, Cahill C, Blumberg N, Refaiie MA. Thalassemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic Eur J Haematol. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. Risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by transfusion: A literature review. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19 - Semantic Scholar Do people with thalassemia trait need treatment? FAQs: Expert Answers Questions On Management Tips For Thalassemia Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that is associated with a reduction in hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs) and, subsequently, insufficient oxygen reaching cells in . If your doctor suspects your child has thalassemia, he or she can confirm a diagnosis with blood tests. 2020;105(1):1623. People with the most severe form of the disease may require regular blood transfusions. There are two damaged genes. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can help people with beta thalassemia prevent severe disease and death. People with thalassaemia produce either no or too little haemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. 2020;40(4):587-601.doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.013, Hossain MS, Raheem E, Siddidqee MH. All rights reserved. Lasting immunity found after recovery from COVID-19 The ways that a healthcare provider diagnoses thalassemia depends on the type of thalassemia you have. Regardless of if a specific blood type is associated with a greater risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe disease, keep in mind that many other factors, such as age or existing health conditions, are likely to play a larger, dominant role in determining personal risk from COVID-19. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. FDA Approves First Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Adult and Pediatric Patients with Beta-thalassemia Who Require Regular Blood Transfusions. (2014). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted You likely wont have symptoms or may have mild symptoms. Here, experts weigh in on what you really need to know. (2022). Yet, no matter how difficult the trial, there are often positive points. The information in this story is accurate as of press time. The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. However, the results of studies have differed regarding how beta thalassemia affects outcomes. Objectives: Your body produces a variety of different cells that fight invading germs. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? This blood disorder causes your body not to produce enough hemoglobin. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. What Are the Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome? fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. Adrenal insufficiency (a lack of sufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands) can occur with thalassemia. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. COVID-19 pandemic and care of transfusion-dependent patients of thalassaemia: Experience from a paediatric centre in North India. 2020;91(3):e2020026. (2022). In a preprint review of studies from late July 2022, researchers examined how beta thalassemia minor affects outcomes of COVID-19. Summary document for interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized or approved in the United States. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. Treatment can consist of blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. I declare no competing interests. Some blood donation programs were stopped (or decreased) worldwide, and hesitancy of blood donors to venture out and risk exposure to COVID-19 has also contributed to shortages. An exception is for people who have already begun the conditioning process for a stem-cell transplant. What We Know. (2022). Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus . Learn more about beta-thalassemia trait and pregnancy. In Italy there are about 5000 patients with dependent transfusion thalassemia (source Italian Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies - SITE) and a smaller number, currently not definable, of patients with sickle cell anemia in chronic transfusion. Healthy Living with Thalassemia | CDC Home isolation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with SARS CoV2 infection: Experience from a developing country. "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". A simple blood test could let a doctor know if you have alpha- or beta-thalassemia minor. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. There are a number of reasons why people with thalassemia might be at risk for more severe outcomes with COVID-19. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by an inherited mutation in your HBB gene. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Learn more. Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Last medically reviewed on April 6, 2023. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. All rights reserved. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies But, overall, the link between blood type, genes, and infection risk is a growing area of research. These diseases usually occur only in people who have at least two abnormal . With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. It's important to note that complications of thalassemia likely played a role in the severity of outcomes. The need for frequent blood transfusions and complications of the disease that result in more clinic visits and hospitalizations could raise the odds that someone would come into contact with the virus. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. Vitamin and mineral supplementation may be recommended for some people with thalassemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Hemoglobin allows your red blood cells to carry oxygen to other cells throughout your body. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. Some researchers hypothesize that thalassemia might be protective against COVID-19 as it is against malaria. Comparing serum ferritin levels during COVID-19 infection and recovery period in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, a single-center study. In a webinar designed to guide physicians in the care of hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, three world experts on thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) provided on-the-ground information from physicians who were . Everybody except for 1 of the 16 people in the study required regular blood transfusions. But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. April 20, 2020. 8600 Rockville Pike Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted via blood transfusions? In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. A recent study in the Lombardy region identified the positivity of anti-Covid-19 antibodies in 4.5 . They also may have antiviral effects and positive effects on the immune system, particularly with RNA viruses (viruses that have RNA as its genetic material, such as the virus causing COVID-19). People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are conflicting at this time. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014.

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